The institute was announced in 2014 and approved on 7 October 2015, and Its construction started in 2016. As per the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare notification published in The Gazette of India on 24 January 2018, it was established by Government of India under the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) initiative. AIIMS Kalyani started operation in 2019, which was one of six AIIMS that started operation autonomously that year.